Advisor(s)
Nathaniel Lawson
Committee Member(s)
Amjad Javed
Augusto Antonio Robles
Emerson Martins
Document Type
Thesis
Date of Award
6-18-2026
Degree Name
Master of Science (MS)
School
School of Dentistry
Department
Dentistry
Abstract
The fatigue performance of veneer restorations is critical for their long-term clinical success, as these restorations are exposed to repetitive masticatory forces that may lead to fracture or debonding over time. Advances in restorative materials have introduced additively manufactured resins as potential alternatives to conventional ceramic and composite materials. However, limited evidence exists comparing the fatigue behavior of Lithium disilicate, 3D-printed resin, and direct resin composite veneers under standardized cyclic loading conditions. This in vitro study evaluated and compared the fatigue survival of veneers fabricated from Lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD), a 3D-printed resin (Rodin™ EnVision), and a direct resin composite (G-ænial Universal Injectable). Thirty maxillary central incisors (n = 10 per group) were prepared using a standardized veneers preparation design. Veneers were fabricated using CAD/CAM milling, additive manufacturing, or injection molding techniques and bonded following manufacturer-recommended adhesive protocols. Specimens were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles and subjected to cyclic fatigue loading at 250 N and 1.6 Hz for up to 1,000,000 cycles. Fatigue survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log-rank testing. Lithium disilicate veneers demonstrated the highest fatigue survival, with 80% of specimens surviving to 1,000,000 cycles. In contrast, all 3D-printed resin and direct resin composite veneers failed before reaching the maximum fatigue limit. Mean survival was highest for Lithium disilicate (954,060 cycles), followed by direct resin composite (460,453 cycles) and 3D-printed resin (134,878 cycles). Failure mode analysis showed predominantly survival in the Lithium disilicate group, with only two specimens exhibiting veneer debonding. All failures in the direct resin composite group were limited to incisal edge fracture, while the 3D-printed resin group exhibited incisal edge fracture, veneer debonding, and veneer fracture. Lithium disilicate veneers demonstrated superior fatigue performance compared with 3D-printed resin and direct resin composite veneers. These findings provide clinically relevant information for material selection in minimally invasive esthetic restorations.
Keywords
3D-printing;Composite resin;Fatigue;Lithium disilicate;Veneers
ProQuest ID
Recommended Citation
Rojas-Rueda, Silvia, "Fatigue Of Veneers Fabricated From Lithium Disilicate, 3D-Printed Resin And Direct Resin Composite" (2026). ETDs from 2020-2029. 166.
https://digitalcommons.library.uab.edu/etd-2020s/166
